SUNFLOWER OIL EXPORT MARKETS ANALYSIS

УДК 339.5

Марінченко М.А., студент 2 року ОС магістр
ХНЕУ ім. С. Кузнеця

Анотація: У статті проведено аналіз українського експорту соняшникової олії. З’ясувалося, що Україна є світовим лідером ринку соняшникової олії, здійснюючи більше 50% світового експорту. Виробництво та експорт соняшникової олії в Україні зростає. Але подальше збільшення експорту соняшникової олії в Україні є можливим скоріше завдяки просуванню соняшникової олії як альтернативи іншим їстівним оліям.

Ключові слова: соняшникова олія, їстівна олія, експорт соняшникової олії, експорт соняшникової олії в Україні.

Abstract: The article contains the analysis of Ukrainian sunflower oil export. It was found out that Ukraine is the global leader of sunflower oil market, covering more than 50% of global export. Both production and export of sunflower oil in Ukraine is increasing. But further increase in Ukrainian sunflower oil exports is rather possible by promoting the sunflower oil as an alternative of other edible oils.

Keywords: sunflower oil, edible oil, sunflower oil export, Ukrainian sunflower oil export.

Because of specific agro-climatic conditions, sunflower is one of the most popular crop cultivated in Ukraine, with about five million hectares sown. For most agricompanies, sunflower is one of the most profitable crop. Total harverst of sunflower seeds in Ukraine is depicted on fig. 1.

Fig. 1. Total harverst of sunflower seeds in Ukraine in 2010 – 2017 [1]

Fig. 1. Total harverst of sunflower seeds in Ukraine in 2010 – 2017 [1]

As we see, sunflower yields in Ukraine demonstrate positive dynamics, doubling during the last 7 years.

Moreover, Ukraine is a world top producer of this crop, producing almost a half of all the global yield. But export of sunflower seeds is not widely spread in Ukraine. Because of the sunflower seeds’ low density the comparable transportation costs for sunflower seed are much higher comparing to transportation of oil. That’s why sunflower is not widely exported (fig. 2).

Fig. 2. Total export and import of sunflower seeds from / to Ukraine in 2011 – 2018 [2]

Fig. 2. Total export and import of sunflower seeds from / to Ukraine in 2011 – 2018 [2]

As we see, in 2011 Ukraine exported twice more of sunflower seeds than imported. Now the situation is opposite: seeds exports is about 20 million USD while import is more than 10 times higher. So during the last 7 years Ukraine was completely reoriented from export of raw materials (sunflower seeds) to export of finished goods (sunflower oil).

Geographical distribution of Ukrainian sunflower seeds export and its dynamics is represented in tab. 1.

As it can be seen, the leading export destination of Ukrainian sunflower seeds is Turkey. But its share decreased from 53% in 2011 to 27% in 2018. Other leading destinations are Germany, Italy, France, Netherlands, Portugal. But still Ukrainian sunflower seeds export is very insignificant.

Table 1

Geographical distribution of Ukrainian sunflower seeds export in 2011 – 2018 [2]

Year Destination country Value, thousand USD Share, %
2011 Turkey 131687 53,24
Italy 20793 8,41
France 20175 8,16
Other 74709 30,20
2012 Turkey 113999 68,79
Netherlands 11308 6,82
Georgia 6964 4,20
Other 33454 20,19
2013 Turkey 24691 50,38
Russia 7764 15,84
Germany 3110 6,35
Other 13441 27,43
2014 Russia 8291 18,78
France 7834 17,75
Turkey 6752 15,30
Other 21266 48,18
2015 Portugal 6702 32,07
Germany 3115 14,90
Netherlands 1549 7,41
Other 9534 45,62
2016 Turkey 14828 19,61
France 14008 18,53
Netherlands 11253 14,88
Other 35525 46,98

Total export and import of sunflower oil from / to Ukraine in 2011 – 2017 is represented in tab. 2.

As we can see, import of sunflower oil to Ukraine is insignificant, decreasing from 3 million USD in 2011 – 2013 to 0,2 – 0,8 million in recent 3 years.

In turn, export of sunflower oil from Ukraine is more than 1000 times higher reaching 4,3 million USD in 2017.

Table 2

Total export and import of sunflower oil from / to Ukraine in 2011 – 2018 [2]

Year Import, million USD Export, million USD
2011 2,8 3146,1
2012 3,0 3974,4
2013 3,0 3281,3
2014 2,4 3560,6
2015 2,3 3028,7
2016 0,8 3705,0
2017 0,2 4302,4
2018 (11 months) 0,6 3710,5

So Ukraine is a net exporter of sunflower oil, providing more than 50% of all the global export.

Sunflower oil is one of the most used edible oil worldwide (fig. 3).

Fig. 3. Structure of global edible oil production [3]

Fig. 3. Structure of global edible oil production [3]

That’s because unrefined sunflower oil has got increased demand globally as it is the most useful, since it contains saturated fatty acids, vitamins A, B, D, E, which are easily and completely absorbed by human body, and have a favorable effect on the health.

Taking into account that palm and rapeseed oils are used not just for nutrition, but also for technical purposes, 4th position of sunflower oil in the global edible oil production with the share of 8% can be considered significant.

Geographical distribution of Ukrainian sunflower oil export and its dynamics is represented in tab. 3.

Table 3

Geographical distribution of Ukrainian sunflower oil export in 2011 – 2018 [2]

Year Destination country Value, thousand USD Share, %
2011 India 919122 29,21
Turkey 363644 11,56
Egypt 206607 6,57
Others 1656703 52,66
2012 India 1224042 30,80
Egypt 511740 12,88
Iran 310655 7,82
Others 1927921 48,51
2013 India 1066557 32,50
China 432883 13,19
Egypt 351829 10,72
Others 1430005 43,58
2014 India 1357165 38,12
China 330202 9,27
Iran 227231 6,38
Others 1646033 46,23
2015 India 1048251 34,61
China 438326 14,47
Spain 155257 5,13
Others 1386889 45,79
2016 India 1150339 31,05
China 476619 12,86
Netherlands 312713 8,44
Others 1765283 47,65
2017 India 1574668 36,60
China 455245 10,58
Spain 422283 9,82
Others 1850192 43,00
2018 (January – November) India 1597689 43,06
China 287028 7,74
Iraq 261636 7,05
Others 1564157 42,15

As it can be seen, the leading export destination of Ukrainian sunflower oil is India. Its share increased from 29% in 2011 to 43% in 2018. The second leading export destination since 2013 is China amounting 7 – 14% of total Ukrainian sunflower oil export.

Other leading destinations in recent years are Egypt, Iran, Spain, Netherlands, Iraq.