PROBLEMS AND PERSPECTIVES OF INTEGRATION OF UKRAINE TO THE EUROPE
УДК 339.92:061.1EC(477)
Щетініна С.Є., студентка 3 курсу
ХНЕУ ім. С. Кузнеця
In contemporary international relations, integration education plays an important role. Almost every country takes part in at least one of them. In addition, even those countries that are not included in them are affected by their influence. In Europe, such an integration group is the European Union (EU). Ukraine is a European state. Ukraine has chosen the European way of its development. European integration and membership in the European Union are the strategic goal of Ukraine – this is the best way to realize national interests, to build economically developed and a democratic state, strengthening positions in the world system of international relations. After all European choice opens up new perspectives for cooperation of Ukraine with developed countries of the world, economic development, social progress and strengthening of international positions coordinate system
Ukraine’s relations with the EU and the European integration course of Ukraine are one of the most pressing topics of the study of Ukraine’s contemporary development. Problems of integration and cooperation between Ukraine and the EU have been reflected in the scientific works of such authors as L. Danilenko, O. Kindradets, D. Michel, V. Muravev, M. Nazarenko and others.
European integration is the socialization of sovereignty by the Member States of the European Union, which have created common institutions that have been given some of their national powers so that decisions in the relevant areas of common interest could be adopted by a democratic through the European level [3]. The European Union’s relations with its neighbours are based on mutual respect for common values, namely democracy, respect for human rights, the rule of law, good governance, the principles of a socially oriented market economy and sustainable development. The move towards European integration for Ukraine is a way of effectively integrating it into the existing system of distribution of functions and roles in the modern world system; its more intensive inclusion in international cooperation on conflict resolution and counteracting the latest threats to international security [3, p. 825].
However, integration is not only an integral part of European integration mutually beneficial cooperation, effective foreign policy. It involves substantial internal transformations in the country in accordance with the standards adopted by the integration community. To join the European Union, the candidate country must meet the Copenhagen criteria, among which the main ones are: observance of democratic principles of rights man; rule of law; availability of competitive market an economy that is able to compete in the EU’s domestic market; recognition of common EU rules and standards; adoption of a set of institutional and legal norms of European integration.
Ukraine’s membership in the European Union has both positive and negative consequences (Tab. 1).
Table 1
Consequences of Ukraine’s Accession to the EU [1, 12]
| Positive Consequences | Negative consequences |
|---|---|
| Stability of the political system, involvement in the Common European Security and Defence Policy (CESDP), adaptation of national legislation to EU legislation, reform of incapable national justice. | Partial loss of sovereignty, uncertainty of the EU development strategy, deterioration of relations with the CIS and other countries. |
| Ensuring the development of medium and small businesses, additional investments in the economy, introduction of EU standards in production, increasing the competitiveness of domestic enterprises, obtaining a positive balance of trade balance | Loss of competitiveness of certain industries, the complexity of transition to European prices, quotas for certain types of goods, the possible transfer of harmful industries to Ukraine |
| Effective protection of human rights in EU institutions, opening of borders for free movement of the population, ensuring a high standard of living for the population. | The complication of the visa regime with the eastern neighbours, the problem of outflow of personnel. |
| Distribution of Ukrainian culture in EU countries. | Loss of national identity of Ukraine. |
According to the forecasts of economists, Ukraine to 2020 will not become a member of the EU because the union is currently in crisis. The EU’s planned economy implies that the state joining the European Union should be included in the common market and, accordingly, introduce quotas for the production of one or another product. Therefore, accession to Ukraine is not beneficial for the EU at this stage. This is one of the problems of Ukraine’s integration.
Another problem of Ukraine’s integration into the EU is Ukrainian legislation that is not harmonized with European standards. Adaptation of the Ukrainian legislation to the European Union is needed. This can be done by reforming the Ukrainian legal system and gradually bringing it into line with European standards.
Ukraine needs to form its “agenda” so that in Europe it is perceived as a reliable partner. In addition, achieve at least the level of political, economic, social development that exists in Europe. The modernization of Ukrainian society will facilitate its use positive European experience in conducting political, socio-economic and administrative reforms. The period of Ukraine’s adaptation to the EU standards is long and can be carried out in the presence of the appropriate prerequisites that are necessary for the further development of relations between the EU and Ukraine, which are currently taking place. Among them one can distinguish the following: the presence of political forces supporting the European integration of Ukraine; the interest of Ukraine’s population in European integration; assisting Ukraine in its European aspirations by EU countries and others [2,18].
However, that euro integration values are changing. Therefore, it is important that Ukraine does not imitate those values that have lost their value. It is necessary to clearly understand the ultimate goal and to remember that European integration cannot be an end in itself, but only an instrument in achieving the goal.
Over the next few years, the EU can undergo significant changes that will have a significant impact on its relations with partner countries. These changes will open additional opportunities for Ukraine, while at the same time creating some obstacles. The conditions that are created around Ukraine and the forces that come to power in Europe can cause significant “turbulence”. There will be considerable pressure on Ukraine’s European choice. Therefore, Ukraine needs to make significant efforts to survive. The presented advantages and risks of Ukraine’s accession to the European Union allow us to conclude that the management of the political, economic, social and technological spheres of society in Ukraine must comply with generally accepted democratic, legal and scientific theoretical criteria. At the same time, the goals of both Ukraine and the EU should be in the same plane and complement each other.
REFERENCES
Danilenko L.I. Prospects and Challenges of European Integration Processes for Ukraine: Educational Methodological materials / L.I. Danilenko, I.V. Polishchuk. – K.: NASM, 2013. – 132 p.
Yermolayev A. Ukraine-EU: the next twenty-five years / A. Yermolayev, I. Klymenko, V. Shcherbyna, S. Denisenko, L. Polyakov. – Kyiv: Institute for Strategic Studies “New Ukraine”, 2016 – 31 p.
Kondratets O.M. Euro integration of Ukraine as a factor of “motivated” modernization / O.M. Kondratets // Gilea. Historical sciences. Philosophical sciences. Political Science: Science. Journal: Sb. sciences. – K.: NPU named after M.P. Drahomanov, 2013. – Issue. 72 (No. 5). – P. 824-829.
Науковий керівник
к.п.н. доцент Алексєєва М.І.